Four durable design patterns
Make water when energy is available
Use product storage and appropriate controls to separate treatment timing from consumption.
Match quality to use
Avoid spending energy and money producing potable-quality water where a lower treatment level is safe and sufficient.
Recover useful pressure, heat, and materials
Look for energy recovery, reuse, waste heat, nutrients, and valuable concentrate constituents within realistic economics.
Design for maintainability
Consumables, cleaning, corrosion, spares, training, remote support, and brine handling belong in the first design review.